Psalter Pahlavi
In today's world, Psalter Pahlavi is a highly relevant topic that has captured the attention of academics, professionals and the general public. Since its inception, Psalter Pahlavi has played a crucial role in society, generating debates, controversies and significant changes in different areas. Throughout history, Psalter Pahlavi has evolved and adapted to the transformations of the modern world, influencing the way people interact, think and act. In this article, we will explore various aspects related to Psalter Pahlavi, analyzing its impact today and reflecting on its importance in the future.
| Psalter Pahlavi | |
|---|---|
 Sample of text taken from the Cross of Herat | |
| Script type | |
Time period | Mid-6th to 7th century CE |
| Direction | Right-to-left script  |
| Languages | Middle Persian |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Aramaic alphabet
|
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Phlp (132), Psalter Pahlavi |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Psalter Pahlavi |
| U+10B80–U+10BAF | |
Psalter Pahlavi is a cursive abjad that was used for writing Middle Persian on paper; it is thus described as one of the Pahlavi scripts. It was written right to left, usually with spaces between words.
It takes its name from the Pahlavi Psalter, part of the Psalms translated from Syriac to Middle Persian and found in what is now western China.
Letters
| Name | Image | Text | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aleph | 
|
𐮀 | /a/, /aː/ |
| Beth | 
|
𐮁 | /b/, /w/ |
| Gimel | 
|
𐮂 | /g/, /j/ |
| Daleth | 
|
𐮃 | /d/, /j/ |
| He | 
|
𐮄 | /h/ |
| Waw-Ayin-Resh | 
|
𐮅 | /w/, /r/ |
| Zayin | 
|
𐮆 | /z/ |
| Heth | 
|
𐮇 | /h/, /x/ |
| Yodh | 
|
𐮈 | /j/, /ē̆/, /ī̆/, /d͡ʒ/ |
| Kaph | 
|
𐮉 | /k/, /g/ |
| Lamedh | 
|
𐮊 | /l/, /r/ |
| Mem-Qoph | 
|
𐮋 | /m/, /q/ |
| Nun | 
|
𐮌 | /n/ |
| Samekh | 
|
𐮍 | /s/, /h/ |
| Pe | 
|
𐮎 | /p/, /b/, /f/ |
| Sadhe | 
|
𐮏 | /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/, /z/ |
| Shin | 
|
𐮐 | /ʃ/ |
| Taw | 
|
𐮑 | /t/, /d/ |
Punctuation
Four different large section-ending punctuation marks were used:
| Mark | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Image | Text | |
 |
𐮙 | Section mark |
 |
𐮚 | Turned section mark |
 |
𐮛 | Four dots with cross |
 |
𐮜 | Four dots with dot |
Numbers
Psalter Pahlavi had its own numerals:
| Value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 20 | 100 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sign | Image |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Text | 𐮩 | 𐮪 | 𐮫 | 𐮬 | 𐮭 | 𐮮 | 𐮯 | |
Some numerals have joining behavior (with both numerals and letters). Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 96 is written as 𐮮𐮮𐮮𐮮𐮭𐮫𐮫 (20 + 20 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 3 + 3).
Unicode block
Psalter Pahlavi script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2014 with the release of version 7.0.
The Unicode block is U+10B80–U+10BAF:
| Psalter Pahlavi Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+10B8x | 𐮀 | 𐮁 | 𐮂 | 𐮃 | 𐮄 | 𐮅 | 𐮆 | 𐮇 | 𐮈 | 𐮉 | 𐮊 | 𐮋 | 𐮌 | 𐮍 | 𐮎 | 𐮏 |
| U+10B9x | 𐮐 | 𐮑 | 𐮙 | 𐮚 | 𐮛 | 𐮜 | ||||||||||
| U+10BAx | 𐮩 | 𐮪 | 𐮫 | 𐮬 | 𐮭 | 𐮮 | 𐮯 | |||||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
Notes
- ^ The names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters
References
- ^ a b c d Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2011-05-06). "N4040: Proposal for encoding the Psalter Pahlavi script in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
- ^ Encyclopædia Iranica: Pahlavi Psalter
- ^ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 518. ISBN 978-0195079937.
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