Timeline of Baghdad

In today's world, Timeline of Baghdad is a topic that continues to generate interest and debate in different areas. Whether on a personal, professional or academic level, Timeline of Baghdad has captured the attention of many people. From its origins to the present, Timeline of Baghdad has played an important role in society, influencing different aspects of daily life. In this article, we will explore in depth the impact of Timeline of Baghdad and its relevance today, examining different perspectives and points of view with the aim of better understanding its importance and possible implications for the future.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Baghdad, Iraq.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
  1. 2000 BCE – Babylonian city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).[1]
  2. 762 CE
  3. 767 – Al-Mansur Mosque built.[4]
  4. 775 – Bab al-Taq (gate) built.[5]
  5. 786 – Harun al-Rashid in power.[6]
  6. 794 – Paper mill in operation.[6][7]
  7. 799 – Mashhad al-Kazimiyya built.[4]
  8. 812-813 Siege of Baghdad, Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
  9. 814 – City captured by al-Ma'mun.[6]
  10. 827 – Tomb of Zobeide built.[8]
  11. 836 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tasim relocated from Baghdad to Samarra.[9]
  12. 850 – Book of Ingenious Devices published.[10]
  13. 855 – Funeral of Ahmad ibn Hanbal.[11]
  14. 861 – 11 December: Caliph Al-Mutawakkil assassinated.[6]
  15. 865 – City wall built.[12]
  16. 865-866 Caliphal Civil War, was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra" between the rival caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz.
  17. 892 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tamid relocated to Baghdad from Samarra.[9]
  18. 901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.[13]
  19. 908 – Al-Khulafa Mosque built.[4]
  20. 946 – Battle of Baghdad; Shia Buyids in power.[9]
  21. 993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.[14]
  22. 1055 – Seljuq Nizam al-Mulk in power.[6]
  23. 1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.[14]
  24. 1066 – Abu Hanifa Mosque restored.[citation needed]
  25. 1067 – Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (college) established.[9][15]
  26. 1095 – City wall rebuilt.[12]
  27. 1157 - Siege of Baghdad, Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
  28. 1180 – Caliph al-Nasir in power.
  29. 1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.[4]
  30. 1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).[4]
  31. 1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.[8]
  32. 1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.[4]
  33. 1226 - al-Baghdadi compiles Kitab al-Tabikh (1226) (cookbook).
  34. 1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.[4]
  35. 1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).[4]
  36. 1232 – Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah established.[4][13]
  37. 1252 – Shrine of Abdul-Kadir built.[8]
  38. 1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol Hulagu Khan during the Siege of Baghdad; most of population killed.[9][1]
  39. 1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).[9]
  40. 1326 – Ibn Battuta visits city.[16]
  41. 1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.[4]
  42. 1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.[4]
  43. 1393 – City captured by Timur.[9]
  44. 1401 – City captured by Timur again.[9][1]
  45. 1405 – Sultan Ahmed Jalayir in power.[9]
  46. 1417 – City taken by Qara Yusuf.[8]
  47. 1468 – Aq Qoyunlu in power.[6]

16th–19th centuries

  1. 1508 - City taken by Persian Ismail I.[17]
  2. 1534
  3. 1535 – City becomes capital of the Baghdad Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire.
  4. 1544 – City taken by forces of Suleiman I.[8]
  5. 1578 – Al-Muradiyya Mosque built.[4]
  6. 1601 – Coffeehouse built.[18]
  7. 1602 – City taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia.[8][1]
  8. 1623 – 23 January: Capture of Baghdad by Safavids.[9][1]
  9. 1625 - Siege of Baghdad, Ottoman–Safavid Wars
  10. 1638 – Capture of Baghdad by forces of Ottoman Murad IV.[19]
  11. 1682 – Khaseki mosque built.[1]
  12. 1683 – City besieged.[9]
  13. 1780 – Mamluk Sulayman Pasha the Great in power.[9]
  14. 1795 – Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya built.[4]
  15. 1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.[9]
  16. 1816 – Mamluk Dawud Pasha in power.[9]
  17. 1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).[20]
  18. 1826 – Haydar-Khana Mosque constructed in its current form.[4]
  19. 1830
  20. 1831 – Flood, then famine.[9]
  21. 1841 – Lynch Brothers in business.[22]
  22. 1848 – Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad established.
  23. 1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from Babylonian city of Baghdadu.[1]
  24. 1861 – Istanbul-Baghdad telegraph line installed.[23]
  25. 1865
  26. 1869 – Midhat Pasha in power.[9]
  27. 1870
    • Municipal council established.[9]
    • City walls demolished.[13]
  28. 1871 – Population: 65,000.[21]
  29. 1880 – Turkish camel post begins operating (approximate date).[1]
  30. 1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).[8]
  31. 1899 – Alliance Israélite girls' school established.[1]

20th century

1900s–1940s

  1. 1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).[24]
  2. 1909 – Cinema built.[25]
  3. 1911 – Ottoman XIII Corps headquartered in Baghdad.
  4. 1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).[26]
  5. 1914 – October: Samarra-Baghdad railway begins operating.[9]
  6. 1915
  7. 1917
  1. 1919 – Guardians of Independence organized.
  2. 1920
  3. 1926 – Baghdad Antiquities Museum founded.
  4. 1927 – British Imperial Airways begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basra flights.[9]
  5. 1929 – Al-Maktabatil Aammah (public library) active.
  6. 1931 – Strike.[30]
  7. 1936 – Military coup.[9]
  8. 1940 – Iraqi Music Institute inaugurated.[31]
  9. 1941 - Iraqi coup d'état in Baghdad, World War II
  10. 1941
  11. 1944 – Baghdad Symphony Orchestra founded.
  12. 1946 – Al-Sarafiya bridge built.
  13. 1947 - Population: 352,137.[33]
  14. 1948
    • Uprising.[9]
    • Popular Theatre Company[31] and filmmaking Studio of Baghdad formed.[25]

22. 1948 - Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries

1950s–1990s

  1. 1952
    • Uprising.[9]
    • Modern Theatre Company formed.[31]
  2. 1953 – Baghdad Central Station built.
  3. 1956
    • Samarra Barrage constructed on the Tigris River near the city.[34]
    • May: Government television begins broadcasting.[35]
    • Uprising.[36]
    • Iraqi Artists Society formed.[37]
  4. 1957
  5. 1958
  6. 1959
  7. 1960 – September: OPEC founded at Baghdad Conference (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela).
  8. 1961 – Iraq National Library and Archive established.
  9. 1963
  10. 1964 – Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital established.
  11. 1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.[38]
  12. 1966
  13. 1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.[31]
  14. 1968 – National Theatre Company established.[31]
  15. 1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).[40]
  16. 1971 – Baghdad Zoo opens.
  17. 1975 – Central Post Office built.[4]
  18. 1978 – November: Arab League summit.
  19. 1980
  20. 1981 – National Film Center and Saddam Hussein Gymnasium (now Baghdad Gymnasium) built.[4]
  21. 1982
  22. 1983 – Al-Shaheed Monument built.[4]
  23. 1985
    • Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.[31]
    • Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.[4]
  24. 1987 - Population: 3,841,268.[41]
  25. 1988 – Saddam University established.
  26. 1989 – Victory Arch erected.[34]
  27. 1991
  28. 1993 – 26 June: Missile strikes by United States.
  29. 1994 – Baghdad Tower constructed.

21st century

2000s

2010s

See also: Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), War in Iraq (2013–2017), Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present), and 2019–2021 Iraqi protests

2020s

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke; Peters, John Punnett (1910). "Bagdad (city)" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 194–198.
  2. ^ Charles Wendell (1971). "Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 2 (2): 99–128. doi:10.1017/S0020743800000994. JSTOR 162258. S2CID 163049281.
  3. ^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Baghdad". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15388-2.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v ArchNet. "Baghdad". Archived from the original on 10 December 2012.
  5. ^ Jacob Lassner (1966). "Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 9 (1/2): 1–27. doi:10.2307/3596170. JSTOR 3596170.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Jacqueline Griffin (1996), "Baghdad", in Trudy Ring (ed.), Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-884964-03-9
  7. ^ History of Printing Timeline, American Printing History Association, retrieved 6 May 2016
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Charles Wilson, ed. (1895), "Baghdad", Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc., London: John Murray, ISBN 978-0-524-06214-2, OCLC 8979039
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
  10. ^ Jim Al-Khalili (2010), Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science, London: Allen Lane, ISBN 978-1-84614-161-4
  11. ^ Felix Jones (1856). "Brief Observations, Forming an Appendix to the Map of Baghdad". Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society. 12. Bombay.
  12. ^ a b George Makdisi (1959). "Topography of Eleventh Century Baġdād: Materials and Notes". Arabica. 6 (2): 178–197. doi:10.1163/157005859X00334. JSTOR 4055493.
  13. ^ a b c Francoise Micheau (2008). "Baghdad in the Abbasid Era". The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16240-2.
  14. ^ a b George Makdisi (1961). "Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 24 (1): 1–56. doi:10.1017/s0041977x0014039x. JSTOR 610293. S2CID 154869619.
  15. ^ "West Asia: Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  16. ^ Michael Cooperson (1996). "Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative". Muqarnas. 13. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012.
  17. ^ Justin Marozzi (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-194804-1.
  18. ^ Markman Ellis (2004). The Coffee-House: a Cultural History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84319-2.
  19. ^ "Bagdad". Edinburgh Gazetteer (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. 1829.
  20. ^ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Bagdad", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
  21. ^ a b Edward Balfour, ed. (1871). "Baghdad". Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (2nd ed.). Madras: Scottish and Adelphi Press.
  22. ^ Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History. Oxford University Press. 1988.
  23. ^ a b Soli Shahvar (2003). "Tribes and Telegraphs in Lower Iraq: The Muntafiq and the Baghdad-Basrah Telegraph Line of 1863-65". Middle Eastern Studies. 39 (1): 89–116. doi:10.1080/00263200412331301607. JSTOR 4284278. S2CID 145792034.
  24. ^ Lorimer (1908). "City of Baghdad". Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing India.
  25. ^ a b Oliver Leaman, ed. (2001), Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-18703-9
  26. ^ "Baghdad", Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912
  27. ^ "Iraq Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
  28. ^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
  29. ^ "Ministry of Electricity". 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  30. ^ Peter Sluglett (2007), Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932, NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-14200-7
  31. ^ a b c d e f Don Rubin, ed. (1999), World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre, London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-05932-1
  32. ^ Richard Overy, ed. (2013). New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945. USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60376-377-6.
  33. ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
  34. ^ a b c d Caecilia Pieri (2008). "Modernity and its Posts in Constructing an Arab Capital: Baghdad's Urban Space and Architecture". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 42 (1/2): 32–39. JSTOR 23063540.
  35. ^ Douglas A. Boyd (1982). "Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country". Middle Eastern Studies. 18 (4): 400–410. doi:10.1080/00263208208700522. JSTOR 4282908.
  36. ^ a b c Kwasi Kwarteng (2011), Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world, New York: PublicAffairs
  37. ^ Orit Bashkin (2008), The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-5992-2
  38. ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1976. pp. 253–279.
  39. ^ a b Terri Ginsberg; Chris Lippard (2010), Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema, USA: Scarecrow Press
  40. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1987. pp. 247–289.
  41. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
  42. ^ a b "Baghdad Mayor Is Ousted by a Shiite Group and Replaced". New York Times. 10 August 2005.
  43. ^ "Baghdad International Film Festival". Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  44. ^ "Baghdad car bomb hits book market". Al Jazeera. 6 March 2007.
  45. ^ "Baghdad security walls curb violence, at a cost". Reuters. 6 February 2008.
  46. ^ "When the Walls Come Down". New York Times. 14 October 2009.
  47. ^ a b c Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
  48. ^ "Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database". World Health Organization. 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014.
  49. ^ "Iraq election: Fire at Baghdad ballot paper depot", BBC News, 10 June 2018
  50. ^ "A new wave of Arab protesters say, 'It's the economy, stupid!'". CNN. 4 October 2019.
  51. ^ "Iraqi Army Ordered Out of Sadr City, Where Dozens Died at Protests". New York Times. The Associated Press. 7 October 2019.
  52. ^ 24 December 2019 | 04:13 بالصورة..رسالة الشهيد صفاء السراي تصل إلى يونس محمود بغداد بوست Archived 11 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  53. ^ AP, Qassim Abdul-Zahra. "Iraq officials: 4 protesters killed in Baghdad clashes". Washington Post. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  54. ^ Gal Perl Finkel, Potential for strategic turns, The Jerusalem Post, 16 February 2020.
  55. ^ Tom O'Connor; James Laporta (2 January 2020). "Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  56. ^ "At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad". CNN News. 21 January 2021.
  57. ^ "Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally". ALJAZEERA News. 25 May 2021.
  58. ^ "Suicide attack in Iraq's Sadr City kills at least 35, wounds dozens -sources". Reuters. 20 July 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.

Bibliography

Published in 17th–18th centuries

Published in 19th century

Published in 20th century

Published in 21st century

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