Stroma (fluid)

Nowadays, Stroma (fluid) is a topic that has captured the attention of many people around the world. Its relevance is not limited to a single sector or area of ​​interest, but covers a wide range of contexts and situations. From its impact on society to its influence on the global economy, Stroma (fluid) has proven to be an extremely important issue that does not go unnoticed. As we continue to explore and better understand aspects related to Stroma (fluid), new opportunities and challenges arise that require in-depth analysis and careful reflection. In this article, we will take a closer look at the different facets of Stroma (fluid) and its impact on our world today.
Cell biology
Chloroplast
Components of a typical chloroplast

1 Granum
2 Chloroplast envelope

2.1 Outer membrane
2.2 Intermembrane space
2.3 Inner membrane

3 Thylakoid

3.1 Thylakoid space (lumen)
3.2 Thylakoid membrane

4 Stromal thylakoid
5 Stroma   ◄ You are here
6 Nucleoid (DNA ring)
7 Ribosome
8 Plastoglobulus
9 Starch granule


Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast.[1]

Within the stroma are grana (stacks of thylakoid), the sub-organelles where photosynthesis is started[2] before the chemical changes are completed in the stroma.[3]

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first stage, light-dependent reactions capture the energy of light and use it to make the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH. During the second stage, the light-independent reactions use these products to fix carbon by capturing and reducing carbon dioxide.

The series of biochemical redox reactions which take place in the stroma are collectively called the Calvin cycle or light-independent reactions. There are three phases: carbon fixation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration.

The stroma is also the location of chloroplast DNA and chloroplast ribosomes, and thus also the location of molecular processes including chloroplast DNA replication, and transcription/translation of some chloroplast proteins.

See also

References

  1. ^ stroma, n., Second edition, 1989; online version June 2011. Accessed 12 August 2011.
  2. ^ Campbell, Neil A.; Brad Williamson; Robin J. Heyden (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-250882-7.
  3. ^ Kramer & Scott flower iv. 80 1979
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