In this article we will explore in depth the topic of Soyuz TM-16, a topic of great relevance today that affects different sectors of society. We will investigate its origin, history and evolution over time, as well as its impact on people's daily lives. In addition, we will analyze different perspectives and opinions on Soyuz TM-16, with the aim of providing a broad and complete overview of this topic. Through this research, we aim to offer our readers a deeper understanding of Soyuz TM-16, so that they can form an informed opinion and contribute to the debate around this matter.
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Operator | Rosaviakosmos |
---|---|
COSPAR ID | 1993-005A |
SATCAT no. | 22319 |
Mission duration | 179 days, 43 minutes, 45 seconds |
Orbits completed | ~2,790 |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | Soyuz 7K-STM No. 101 |
Spacecraft type | Soyuz-TM |
Manufacturer | NPO Energia |
Launch mass | 7,150 kilograms (15,760 lb) |
Crew | |
Crew size | 2 up 3 down |
Members | Gennadi Manakov Alexander Poleshchuk |
Landing | Jean-Pierre Haigneré |
Callsign | Вулка́н (Vulkan - Volcano) |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 24 January 1993, 05:58:05 | UTC
Rocket | Soyuz-U2 |
End of mission | |
Landing date | 22 July 1993, 06:41:50 | UTC
Landing site | 140 kilometres (87 mi) S of Dzhezkazgan |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Low Earth |
Perigee altitude | 393 kilometres (244 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 394 kilometres (245 mi) |
Inclination | 51.6 degrees |
Docking with Mir | |
Docking date | 26 January 1993, 07:31:17 UTC |
Undocking date | 22 July 1993, 3:00:30 UTC |
Soyuz programme (Crewed missions) |
Soyuz TM-16 was the sixteenth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.
The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi- meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.
Position | Launching crew | Landing crew |
---|---|---|
Commander | Gennadi Manakov Second spaceflight | |
Flight Engineer | Alexander Poleshchuk First spaceflight | |
Research Cosmonaut | None | Jean-Pierre Haigneré First spaceflight |
16th expedition to Mir.
First Soyuz without a probe and drogue docking system since 1976. It carried an APAS-89 androgynous docking unit different from the APAS-75 unit used for ASTP in 1975, yet similar in general principles. Soyuz-TM 16 used it to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by the Space Shuttles with Mir.