In today's world, Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II is a topic that has captured everyone's attention, whether due to its historical relevance, its impact on modern society or its influence on the development of technology. For centuries, Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II has been the subject of study, debate and controversy, and its importance continues to increase. In this article, we will explore the various facets of Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II, from its origins to its influence today, considering its impact on different areas of daily life. We will also examine the opinions and perspectives of experts in the field, with the goal of offering a broad and comprehensive overview of this fascinating topic.
Romanization of Chinese |
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Mandarin |
Wu |
Yue |
Min |
Gan |
Hakka |
Xiang |
Polylectal |
See also |
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 國語注音符號第二式 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 国语注音符号第二式 | ||||||
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Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (Chinese: 國語注音符號第二式), abbreviated MPS II, is a romanization system formerly used in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was created to replace the complex tonal-spelling Gwoyeu Romatzyh, and to co-exist with the popular Wade–Giles (romanization) and Zhuyin (non-romanization). It is sometimes referred to as Gwoyeu Romatzyh 2 or GR2.
Based on the earlier and more complex Gwoyeu Romatzyh, the tentative version of MPS II was released on May 10, 1984, by the Ministry of Education under the Chiang Ching-kuo administration. After two years of feedback from the general public, the official version was established on January 28, 1986. To distinguish Zhuyin (Chinese: 注音符號; pinyin: Zhùyīn fúhào; lit. ' Phonetic Symbols') from the Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (Chinese: 國語注音符號第二式; lit. 'Mandarin Zhuyin Second Version'), the first Zhuyin is officially called "Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I" (國語注音符號第一式).
Despite its official status for almost two decades until it was replaced by Tongyong Pinyin in 2002, MPS II existed only in some governmental publications (such as travel brochures and dictionaries). However, MPS II was not used for the official Romanized names of Taiwanese places (though many road signs replaced during this period use MPS II). It never gained the same status as did Wade-Giles. In mainstream overseas communities, it is virtually unused and unheard of.
Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | |||||
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Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiceless | ||
Nasal | m ㄇ m |
n ㄋ n |
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Plosive | Unaspirated | b ㄅ b |
d ㄉ d |
g ㄍ g | ||||||
Aspirated | p ㄆ p |
t ㄊ t |
k ㄎ k | |||||||
Affricate | Unaspirated | tz ㄗ z |
j ㄓ zh |
j ㄐ j |
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Aspirated | ts ㄘ c |
ch ㄔ ch |
ch ㄑ q |
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Fricative | f ㄈ f |
s ㄙ s |
sh ㄕ sh |
sh ㄒ x |
h ㄏ h | |||||
Liquid | l ㄌ l |
r ㄖ r |
An example phrase, "The second type of Chinese phonetic symbols":
Hanzi | 國語注音符號第二式 |
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Pinyin | guóyǔ zhùyīn fúhào dì'èr shì |
MPS II | guó-yǔ jù-yīn fú-hàu dì-èr shr̀ |
GR | gwoyeu juh'in fwuhaw dih'ell shyh |
Spaces are generally used in place of hyphens, except in personal names, which use hyphens in between the syllables of the given names.