List of former European colonies
In today's world, List of former European colonies plays a fundamental role in different aspects of daily life. Whether in the workplace, social, cultural or political sphere, List of former European colonies has become a key element that impacts the way people interact with each other and with their environment. Over the years, List of former European colonies has acquired increasing relevance, generating discussions, debates and research in various fields of knowledge. In this article, we will explore the importance of List of former European colonies and how it influences society today, as well as its possible implications for the future.
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This is a list of former European colonies.
North America
Northern and Central America
Denmark
France
- New France
- Newfoundland
- Île-Royale (Cape Breton Island)
- Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
- Acadia
- Quebec
- Guadeloupe
Great Britain
- British America (New Britain)
- Canada
- Island of St. John
- Rupert's Land (A private estate stretching from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and from the prairies to the Arctic Circle.)
- Lower Canada
- Upper Canada
- Newfoundland Colony
- "Thirteen Colonies"
- Other North American colonies
- Province of East Florida
- Province of West Florida
- Indian Reserve
- Middle Colonies
- Chesapeake Colonies
- Southern Colonies
- Oregon Country (disputed with France)
- Canada
- British Honduras
- Mosquito Coast
- Bay Islands
Iceland
Netherlands
- New Netherland (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)
Norway
Portugal
- Claim to Labrador
- Claim and settlement in Terra Nova (Newfoundland)
Russia
Scotland
Spain
- México (1521)
- Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
- Las Californias
- Nuevo Reino de León
- Nuevo Santander
- Nueva Vizcaya
- Santa Fe de Nuevo México
- Nueva Extremadura
- Nueva Galicia
- Captaincy General of Cuba
- Puerto Rico
- Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
- Captaincy General of Guatemala
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- East Florida and West Florida
- Settlement at Nootka, near Vancouver Island, Canada
Sweden
Sweden-Norway
- Sverdrup Islands (Claimed) (1902–1905)
Caribbean
Brandenburg
Courland
Denmark-Norway
France
Knights of Malta
- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint Martin
- Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
- Saint Croix
- Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)
Netherlands
Portugal
Scotland
- Caledonia (Gulf of Darién)
Spain
Sweden
Sweden-Norway
- Cooper Island
- Saint-Barthélemy (1814–1878)
United Kingdom
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belize
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Dominica
- Saint Christopher (St Kitts)-Nevis
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Windward Islands
South America
Portugal
Spain
- Kingdom of Tierra Firme (1498-1537)
- Governorate of New Andalusia (1501-1513)
- Governorate of Castilla de Oro (1514-1539)
- Governorate of New Castile (1529-1542)
- Governorate of New Toledo (1529-1542)
- Governorate of New León (1529-1539)
- Governorate of New Andalusia (1534-1617)
- Viceroyalty of Peru (1542-1824)
- New Kingdom of Granada (1538-1717) (1723-1739)
- Real Audiencia of Panamá (1538-1717) (1723-1739)
- Governorate of Terra Australis (1539-1555)
- Captaincy General of Chile (1541-1818)
- Real Audiencia of Lima (1542-1821)
- Governorate of the Río de la Plata (1549-1776)
- Real Audiencia of Charcas (1559-1776)
- Real Audiencia of Quito (1563-1717) (1723-1739)
- Real Audiencia of Concepción (1565-1575)
- Governorate of Guayrá (1617-1776)
- Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires (1661-1671)
- Real Audiencia of Cuzco (1787-1825)
- Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717-1723) (1739-1810) (1815-1822)
- Real Audiencia of Panamá (1717-1723) (1739-1752)
- Real Audiencia of Quito (1717-1723) (1739-1822)
- Captaincy General of Venezuela (1777-1824)
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776-1814)
- Governorate of Paraguay (1776-1782)
- Real Audiencia of Charcas (1776-1821)
- Upper Peru (1821-1825)
Netherlands
- Berbice (Guyana)
- Demerara
- Dutch colonisation of the Guianas, overview
- Surinam (Suriname)
- Essequibo
- New Holland (Brazil – Half the captaincies)
Augsburg/Nuremberg
France
- Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)
(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)
- Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)
United Kingdom
Sweden-Norway
- Grytviken (1904–1905)
Africa
Belgium
Brandenburg
- Arguin (in Mauritania)
- Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
Courland
Denmark-Norway
- Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
France
- Albreda (in The Gambia)
- Comoros
- French Dahomey (Benin)
- French Algeria
- French Cameroon (91% of modern Cameroon)
- French Chad
- French Congo (Republic of the Congo)
- French Guinea (Guinea)
- French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
- French Somaliland (Djibouti)
- French Sudan (Mali)
- French Togoland (Togo)
- French Madagascar
- Gabon
- Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
- Colonial Mauritania
- French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco)
- Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
- Senegal
- Senegambia and Niger
- French protectorate of Tunisia
Germany
- German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
- German South-West Africa (Namibia)
- Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
- Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
- Wituland (Lamu Island, owned by Kenya)
Hospitaller Malta
Italy
Netherlands
- Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
- Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
- Gorée (Senegal)
- Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
- São Tomé
- South Africa
- Mauritius
Portugal
- Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
- Angola
- Annobón
- Cabinda
- Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
- Ceuta
- Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
- Gorée (in Senegal)
- Malindi
- Mombasa
- Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
- Nigeria (Lagos area)
- Mozambique
- Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
- Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
- Quíloa
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tangier
- Zanzibar
- Ziguinchor
Russia
Spain
- Bona
- Bougie
- Jerba
- Fernando Po and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea)
- Oran
- Port Guinea
- Río Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea)
- Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
- Spanish West Africa
Sweden
- Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
United Kingdom
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
- Basutoland (Lesotho)
- Balleland (Benin)
- Bechuanaland (Botswana)
- British East Africa (Kenya)
- British Somaliland (Somaliland)
- British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
- British Cameroon (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
- British Mauritius
- British Egypt
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gold Coast (Ghana)
- Colonial Nigeria
- Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
- Nyasaland (Malawi)
- Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
- Union of South Africa
- South West Africa (Namibia)
- Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
- Swaziland (Eswatini)
- Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
- Uganda Protectorate
- Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)
West Asia
France
Netherlands
- Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
- Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)
Portugal
United Kingdom
South Asia
Indian Ocean Area
France
Netherlands
- Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)
Portugal
Austria
United Kingdom
Mainland
Denmark-Norway
- Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
- Serampore
- Tranquebar
France
Netherlands
Portugal
Sweden
United Kingdom
Asia-Pacific
Austria
Belgium
- Tianjin (concession territory)
France
- East Asia
- Indochina
- New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with Britain)
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
- Burma (Myanmar) (Mrohaung (Arakan), Siriangh, Syriam, Ava, Martaban)
- Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
- Dutch New Guinea (Western Part of Papua, Indonesia)
- Malacca
- Dutch Formosa
- Dejima
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
- Australia
- British Solomon Islands
- British Western Pacific Territories
- Christmas Island
- Cocos Islands
- Colonial Fiji
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
- Hawaii (formerly Sandwich Islands)
- Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
- New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with France)
- New Zealand
- Niue
- Norfolk Island
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
- Territory of New Guinea
- Western Samoa
- Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
- Solomon Islands
- Territory of Papua
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- Southeast Asia
- Brunei
- Bonin Islands (Japan)
- Singapore
- China
Antarctic
France
- Adélie Land
- Amsterdam Island (New Amsterdam)
- Crozet Islands
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- Kerguelen Islands
- Saint Paul Island
Germany
Norway
Spain
- Governorate of Terra Australis (1539-1555)
United Kingdom
- British Antarctic Territory
- Falkland Islands Dependencies
- South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Europe
Denmark
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
- Corsica (the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom was a protectorate of Britain, now part of France)
- Cyprus
- Ionian islands (now part of Greece)
- Ireland
- Kingdom of Hanover
- Malta
- Menorca (now part of Spain)
- Heligoland (now part of Germany)
See also
- Austrian colonial policy
- Belgian colonial empire
- British colonial empire
- Danish colonial empire
- Dutch colonial empire
- French colonial empire
- German colonial empire
- List of former German colonies
- Italian colonial empire
- Portuguese colonial empire
- Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
- Russian colonial empire
- Spanish colonial empire
- Swedish colonial empire